Source Citations & Avoiding Plagiarism
Doctorow, Cory. Boing Boing. http://boingboing.net/2013/06/25/credible-hulk-tee.html
Why cite Sources?
There are varying formal formats for documenting sources. Specific citation styles are loosely associated with specific disciplines, because they highlight individual elements vital to information utilized and shared within the discipline. |
via the University of North Carolina Writing Center
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Citation Styles
MLA (Modern Language Association) documentation is generally used for disciplines in the humanities, such as English, languages, film, and cultural studies or other theoretical studies. The Modern Language Association.
APA (American Psychology Association) documentation is generally used in the natural and social sciences, such as psychology, nursing, sociology, and social work. It is also used in economics, business, and criminology. American Psychological Association, APA Style Central.
There are two Chicago documentation styles. The Notes and Bibliography system is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. The Author-Date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. The Chicago Manual of Style
In addition, to these more common citation styles, there are a variety of additional documentation styles created and utilized within specific disciplines.
APA (American Psychology Association) documentation is generally used in the natural and social sciences, such as psychology, nursing, sociology, and social work. It is also used in economics, business, and criminology. American Psychological Association, APA Style Central.
There are two Chicago documentation styles. The Notes and Bibliography system is preferred by many working in the humanities—including literature, history, and the arts. The Author-Date system is more common in the sciences and social sciences. The Chicago Manual of Style
In addition, to these more common citation styles, there are a variety of additional documentation styles created and utilized within specific disciplines.
MLA 8
MLA 8 is the latest version of MLA documentation guidelines.
Formatting a Research Paper
Sample Papers in MLA Style
Works Cited a Quick Guide
Click "Get Started" to see annotated information resource along with citation worksheet.
In Text Citations
MLA Practice Template
Formatting a Research Paper
Sample Papers in MLA Style
Works Cited a Quick Guide
Click "Get Started" to see annotated information resource along with citation worksheet.
In Text Citations
MLA Practice Template
via Noodletools
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How to recognize different source types.
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Citation Generation Tools
Please know that citation generation tools are not 100% accurate, and that it's important to review elements for completeness and accuracy. Also, many popular citation tools have been purchased by one company which for a number of reasons is problematic.
If using a citation generator, I highly recommend My Bib.
If using a citation generator, I highly recommend My Bib.
Annotated Bibliographies
Creating an Annotated Bibliography
See UNC Writing Center's Annotated Bibliographies for easy to understand how to and why information.
Highlights include:
A quality annotated bibliography:
Highlights include:
A quality annotated bibliography:
- encourages you to think critically about the content of the works you are using, their place within a field of study, and their relation to your own research and ideas.
- proves you have read and understand your sources.
- establishes your work as a valid source and you as a competent researcher.
- situates your study and topic in a continuing professional conversation.
- provides a way for others to decide whether a source will be helpful to their research if they read it.
- could help interested researchers determine whether they are interested in a topic by providing background information and an idea of the kind of work going on in a field.
- Bibliography record according to the appropriate citation style (MLA, APA, CBE/CSE, etc.).
- Explanation of main points and/or purpose of the work—basically, its thesis—which shows among other things that you have read and thoroughly understand the source.
- Verification or critique of the credibility of the author and/or publication.
- The point of view or perspective from which the work was written. For instance, you may note whether the author seemed to have particular biases or was trying to reach a particular audience.
- Comments on the worth, effectiveness, and usefulness of the work in terms of both the topic being researched and/or your own research project.
What Needs to be cited?
You need to cite your sources whenever you:
- Quote a sentence or passage
- Paraphrase or summarize ideas that are not your own
- Make specific reference to the work of others
- Utilize data or statistics, infographics and other forms of media such as images.
- Well-known and undisputed facts
- Your own ideas expressed elsewhere in the same paper
In general, citations include:
- AUTHOR (Creator)
- TITLE of resource.
- TITLE OF SOURCE CONTAINER (website, database etc)
- PUBLISHER
- PUBLICATION DATE
- LOCATION (ie. URL)
Hyperlinking as a sole means for citing sources is questionable and depends on the context. Hyperlinking is fundamental to the world wide web and important to the practice of digital writing, not only because it deepens the conversation, but also because through the act of hyperlinking, you're increasing the search engine optimization for the sources you're hyperlinking. However, when links break as websites change and get taken down, your sources don't get cited and your work loses credibility. For academic purposes, formal citations are necessary; and in general, you can never go wrong with doing both, hyperlinking and citing sources.
Image CitationS
Keep in Mind
Google Images is NOT a source; it's a search engine and so should not be included in a citation.
Google Images is NOT a source; it's a search engine and so should not be included in a citation.
Google Images is a Search Engine, NOT A Source!
(Byrne, Richard. Free Technology for Teachers, April, 21, 2014. http://www.freetech4teachers.com/2014/04/how-not-to-cite-image.html#.U1hQ1-ZdVa1)
In Text CitationS
In text (parenthetical) citations, link each cited quote or idea with it's original source and its full text citation shared on a works cited, references or bibliography page. Parenthetical citations most often appear in parentheses directly after the quote, idea, or fact you are citing, and may contain the last name of the creator, publication date or page number, depending on citation style and source type.
Numbered in text citations, most commonly associated with Chicago style, appear as sub-scripted numbers, after the item being cited, rather than information in parenthesis. The numbers correlate with footnoted citations or additional information appearing at the bottom of the page.
Numbered in text citations, most commonly associated with Chicago style, appear as sub-scripted numbers, after the item being cited, rather than information in parenthesis. The numbers correlate with footnoted citations or additional information appearing at the bottom of the page.
avoiding plagiarism
Interactive from Vaughan Memorial Library, Acadia University
Interactive from Rutgers University
This site Includes information on "How to Paraphrase", "Citing Sources" and more.
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How we Cite via UNC Writing Center
via Common Craft
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Hart, Kate. "Citing Sources: A Quick and Graphic Guide". Kate Hart. June, 1, 2012. Web. http://www.katehart.net/2012/06/citing-sources-quick-and-graphic-guide.html